“G. A.”60+ pages
- p. 33 …The specific Air Staff/Secretariat offices queried included the following:
(a) SAF I AAI, Directorate of…
- p. 75 …the Public Information Officer, Walter G. Haut,
issued a news release that the Amry Air Force…
- p. 104 …vt. G. Hilburn, f'onner Assistant Base Adj•lba.nt, transferred
~~ Squedr~n "A", 427th AAF…
- p. 114 …SFERRED
A. OfFICE , •. STORAGE A. FILE CABINETS (No.) 1. TRANS. FILES (.Yo.) lc SHELVING (Li•. Fl…
- p. 133 …reporti.Dc aot later t:t:.a date 1Jl41catecU
8 Jplx 1947 Cl&tl
Lt. G…
- p. 143 …9:15 A.l:.
9:15 A.~.
9:40 li..M.
9:43 A.ll.
9…
- p. 144 …on fhone requesting a B-29 be sent to
Blackstone, Va. for a celebration by the…
- p. 198 …Cor.anandinr; G~nerel, Army Air Forces, \'/aehint;ton 25, D. C.
ATTN s AC/AS…
- p. 282 …I then went into industry, and I worked for EG&G, a high-
technology company based…
- p. 303 …AlllllffO
PAirrS OP rNF ./OSS.tMM:Y WI./.£ FIT AND
01'€/t.ttrl /It A PROYFA…
- p. 307 …I do not want a lawyer. lamwi · g to answer questions or make a statement or…
- p. 322 …4 consisted of a "cluster of (meteor(>logi-
cal) balloons" and a "regular sonobuoy."23 Presumably…
- p. 401 …a.:-:1!! of the sound channel would also
b~ detectable by l1!te~1r.g at…
- p. 407 …dribble constructed of a five (5) gallon tin incorporating e 11etered
jet to allow a predetermined…
- p. 418 …O.oJ nnel KN'$~.ll.!a G, ~ftr. 0-18373.. «C •.• _~ ..
Retent1Qn: Indefinite. No known replacement…
- p. 436 …A typical night using
constant ballast flow at a rate slightl7 exceeding leakage losses
is shown…
- p. 437 Fig • 9 is a typical night with DO ballaet. !he night train· tor
these flights ia…
- p. 472 …the tloa tin_g level. (The
switch is set so that a rate of change ot…
- p. 483 We may use this equation to approximate the rise of a full balloon
system when controlled…
- p. 488 …A = 2.39 x 108 col I erg
Cp = specific heat at constant pressure
g = acceleration…
- p. 490 …flow, Is and a co-
efficient of leakage,Cd•
(1) where g is the acceleration
due…
- p. 495 …lf • 50 ~ tof:g}af =7820 GII/HR
Values for leakage at several different altitudes…
- p. 506 …tight upon release of this internal pressure.
G. A Ge.tleral Equa.ttc:m of Motion…
- p. 509 …It is for this reason that a non-extensible balloon is said to be
in a…
- p. 510 …a g I -'- (~ .!L)
F, = vb Pa LAo To - Tg Rp + Ro
Discussions of the contamination…
- p. 511 …or 9J <{J)G · dt dt lc
We might also have a control tbl t will…
- p. 512 …1t> !!A_} is the- time during which pressure change of
the airdlurro8h!1~g the balloon…
- p. 523 …The performar.ce specifications are as follows:
(a) Rotation: one revolution every 12 hours
(b) Duration…
- p. 528 …Adjustments are made on the adjusting
screw {L) and the lower ring {G) before each flight…
- p. 536 …flight, a 65-pound load was lifted with a linear array of 28
350-g~ rubber…
- p. 553 …On Plight 43 the tiret model ot an Olland-o7cle pressure modulator was
tlown with a…
- p. 558 …and a satisfactory Olland-cycle
pressure modulator~& also used .for over 5 hours to give height…
- p. 560 …This flight was released at night with a fixed ballast flow of about 300
~rams per…
- p. 573 …Flight 82 is a good example of i'light using a single
fixed-leak orifice for…
- p. 574 …Below the baroswitoh a standard T-69 radiosonde was
supported with a parachute stuffed into a…
- p. 577 Fli.g!lt 89: Released from Alamogordo, New Mexico, 1005 MST, August 26, 1948
Not recovered…
- p. 584 …a near-floating condition for about four hours when the transmitter
40
/ llllllff-~ CUIIVK ~
ICIUMD G…
- p. 589 …With a loss of 10°C superheat, and a limited flow (900 grams per hours), it…
- p. 594 …flight a high loss of lifting gas caused the total ballast
load ot 600 g~s…
- p. 610 …g. Low brittle temperature
h. High transparency to heat redie.tion
Table I is a qualitative…
- p. 625 …C"N-~.~-
8 "/)/A.,=_--.s:¥::J.i:;##
PuRD.t.;f.T..t:Jte fiL relf! ----....
CA…
- p. 630 …11A rt:~IA.t. - B.t.owN Pr.eex
G£.A.5S
"A1-e CHA/"'f1J4…
- p. 646 …rate of rise in feet per minute
G : g~oss lift in grams
For our purposes…
- p. 650 (Approximate)
where G • gross load
A chart, Figure 24, has beendrawn up, based on this equation…
- p. 652 ~G = G X ~X (1 • K) K
T
where t::.. G = loss of lift
G =gross…
- p. 675 III
II
!
I
rl G 01
NYU BALLOON PROJCT
FLt8ht 5
DAT£ 6-5-4…
- p. 680 …Fl G 36
NYU BALLOON PROJECT
FLlGHT 7
D<ll-e: 7-2-47 E 0…
- p. 683 …n..1m•tter
Fl G.3 9
NYU BALLOON FROJtCT
FLIGHT 8
D a. te 7…
- p. 686 …to a thtmble
a.nd attached to re1n forced pCltches
at alterna.te .sea.m.s…
- p. 688 …H.A.Smtth Inc. v.11th reinforced
blowout pa.tches to vent 9Q.b when
f1red…
- p. 690 …G.M.. OO!"pol.yettHlent- balloon
w1th 1ncend.1a. ry pa.tch on e~:~u a…
- p. 713 …OBSTRUCTIONS TO AIR NAVIGATION
A. WHITE SANDS, NEW MEXICO, PROV»>G GROUND -NEW YORK UNIVERSITY - RELEASE…
- p. 731 …2. "Progress in Developing a Constant-Level Balloon", Report by Dewey and
Almy Chemical Company, Cambridge…
- p. 732 …Lugeon, Jean, "Le Poste Aerologique de la Station Centrale de
Meteorologie a Payerne et les nourelles…
- p. 742 …The automatic control is needed for flights
lasting through a period in which day changes to…
- p. 749 …1\\a Mr. o. c. Vinsea to C.B. Moore on rlait.
5/l'J/47…
- p. 761 The follo'W1.n.g personnel lolere hired but later resigned:
1!.!.!!
Robert 't:isnieff
Robert…
- p. 770 …diameter ballgons made
from polyethylene .00411
polyethylene .008 11
saran • 00~25 11 aDd a
fortisan…
- p. 775 …g o! Ul ins":.tument coiilpany whicr. wo,.tld cor.struct
the altitude control devices. A…
- p. 779 …As a result of this preliminary study a sub-contn:.ct was
given to H. A…
Air Forces, in conjunction with Project MOGUL. 10 The NYU "balloon group" was
to develop and fly constant-level balloons while simultaneously developing
telemetering equipment to transmit data obtained in the upper atmosphere. 11
Group members launched, tracked, and recorded data only in regard to constant-
level balloon flight and telemetering of information. They did not have access to
observations and measurements that had military applications. MOGUL, in other
words, was conducted as a compartmented, classified project in which partici-
pants knew only what they needed to know, and no more. Due to the compart-
mentation, balloon flights made by NYU were divided into two categories,
"research" and "service."12 Research flights tested balloon controls and telemeter-
ing systems and were fully reported in the unclassified NYU reports. 13 A total of
110 research flights were flown during the contract. Service flights were flown at
the direction of Watson Laboratory personnel, but the military purpose was Top
Secret. These flights carried classified equipment, which could not be fully
reported in the unclassified NYU documents. Further evidence of the exclusion
of classified information from the reports is the lack of data for balloons flown in
association with the Sandstone nuclear tests held in April and May of 1948.14 In
recent interviews with former NYU personnel, Dr. Athelstan F. Spilhaus, NYU
Director of Research, and Professor Charles B. Moore, NYU Constant-Level
Balloon Project Engineer, stated that they were never informed of the classified
name, MOGUL, nor did they ever have access to the scientific data that was
obtained by the USAAF as a result of their efforts. In response to inquiries,
professional or casual, project personnel simply said that they were engaged in
balloon research. 15
The first balloon launches associated with Project MOGUL were carried out at
several locations on the east coast of the United States.16 However, unfavorable
winds, conflicts with commercial air traffic, and the need to gather data on the V-
2 flights currently being conducted at White Sands Proving Ground, NM, led the
NYU group to conduct further tests from Alamogordo AAFY The NYU group
would make three "field trips" during the summer of 1947 for test and evaluation,
labeling them Alamogordo I, II, and Ill. The majority of the balloon flights over
the next four years originated from Alamogordo AAF.
10. Research Division, College of Engineering, NYU, Technical Report No. 93.03, Constant Level
Balloons, Final Report, Mar 1, 1951 (hereafter NYU, Final Report), p. 3.
11. Research Division, College of Engineering, NYU, Technical Report 93-02, Constant Level
Balloons,
Sect 1, General, Nov 15, 1949, p. 5.
12. NYU, Final Report, p. 13.
13. Research Division, College of Engineering, NYU, Technical Report No. 1, Constant Level
Balloon, Apr 1, 1948, Table VII, "Summary of NYU Constant-Level Balloon Flights" (hereafter
NYU, Technical Report No. 1, Table VII); ibid., Technical Report No. 93.02, Constant Level Balloons,
Sect 3, Summary of Flights.
14. "Sonic Balloon Test Kwajalein."
15. Athelstan F. Spilhaus, C.S. Schneider, C.B. Moore, "Controlled-Altitude Free Balloons,"
Journal of Meteorology, 5 (Aug 1948): 130-137.
16. NYU, Technical Report No. 1, Table VII.
17. Research Division, College of Engineering, NYU, Progress Report No. 6, Constant Level
Balloon, Sect II, June 1947 (hereafter Progress Report No. 6, Sect II), p. 4.