“Ç.”60+ pages
- p. 12 …Memo, with Attachments, Edward C. Mishler, HQ AFOSIIHO, for SAF/AAZ,
subj: GAO Review on Records…
- p. 14 …Spilhaus, C.S. Schneider, C.B. Moore, "Controlled-Altitude
Free Balloons," Journal of Meteorology, Vol. 5…
- p. 15 …Spilhaus and Col Marcellus Duffy
Capt Albert C. Trakowski and Dr. James Peoples
Charles B. Moore…
- p. 18 …Albert C. Trakowski, a young
Massachusetts Institute of Technology graduate, followed Duffy in the leadership role…
- p. 27 …of their
efforts if they did; and
(c) the overall effort was the task and responsibility…
- p. 33 …AQL, Directorate of Electronics and Special Programs
(c) AF/SE, Air Force Safety
(d) AF/HO…
- p. 35 …Mexico alone, involving
A-26C, P-51N, C-82A, P-80A, and PQ-14B aircraft; however…
- p. 41 …Moore; and the military Project Officer, Colonel Albert C. Trakowski.
All of these persons were subsequently…
- p. 45 …actually procured was a 1953-manufactured model"C" as compared to
the Model B which was…
- p. 55 GAO UnitedStal:eS
General AecolllltiDC omce
WashiDgtoo., D.C; ZOMS
National Security and
Interaatiooal ..urairS Division…
- p. 59 …SEE DISTRIBUTION
Genoral Ac:c:ounti.nq Offic:a (GAO) Latter Dated
February 9, 1994, •aeccrds…
- p. 67 …investigations, and wreckage/debris retention and disposition;
(c) identify~ records (unclassified or classified) related to air…
- p. 71 …Ref para c above. Although we possess no official records related to the subject matter, we…
- p. 72 …OBSTE'TRI RTIUTY. ~·_._
Freedom of Information Act Request
(S O.S.C. 552}
Department of the…
- p. 82 AIRCRAFT DATE
A-26C 24 June 1947
P-51N 10 July 1947
C-82A 12 July…
- p. 94 …1 Atch \nExtracts from AF tV y
Records Schedules
~ . ~ c.L- T {(av.r-
t;"RAcE…
- p. 103 …Pursuant to CLuthorj.ty c.::.r.taincd in Hqs. 8th Air Forco 'f;.:x
num~.or…
- p. 104 …Colonel Lur.:c.s relieved. Lt Colonel William C. Kingsl-1~
who then assumed oommand of…
- p. 106 …Lewis c. Bohanan. former commanding o£ticer
of the 3rd Pho to Lab Unit, was trans…
- p. 107 …Spurgeon, to coordi-
nate with Adjutant; 's Section; Lt Colonel Ray- C. 16.ltcn, to
coordinate…
- p. 108 …Jr.,
Arrrr:r Air Forces, Washington, D. c., .arrived .for investi-
gation of the B-29…
- p. 113 …Copy of SF 135, 19 Dec 75
c!;i.J&£~{ (fftiJl~.
EDWARD C. MISHLER
Historian
2…
- p. 114 …C,R1 .01·'~ c
INSTRUCTIONS SIG~ATU~ ~. i OAt ~CORe$ RC:V:>
Send original and…
- p. 127 …51 B-0614 BOLLING FLO
342-51 C-5071 BOLLING FLO
342-52-7089 1 OF8…
- p. 133 …c.c:::·=-:e::.. }.:~~Or'?!
£.x~c::::··f-. W.::.::a::-y ?e!'aOnrJel Div:..a!
Office Ci…
- p. 140 …5:30
AI/Z r/J,.;c51/ C?PP.·~?:2/.?
_f/' ..50.4/ t ~ rs
<,--:.. () fl…
- p. 141 …1 nG( - · i ' ~-- 1 '-'
!? (/.:_ /_,; l-~~i
., I I ' •· 1 i c - t\.: ' .. 1/Vv • i ....- • i…
- p. 143 …unc ey !eels Gen C&.nnor. ~ not too sure o! hi.Jr.selt, as two Z…
- p. 144 …Frank Heckett 1 s aame on it. ·i;c are most
anxious to explode this thing…
- p. 168 …I said it was 700 C at
Bolling. I believe now that you mentioned Andrews, it…
- p. 193 …Graul
to Commanding General AMC;
Brig Gen Tom C. Rives to
Commanding General AAF
July 8…
- p. 195 …COITDllal'lding General, Army Air Forces, Washington 25, D.C.
THRU& (AC/A5-4)
1. To…
- p. 196 …lS:~.-ll, priority
lA, include dcttarrd.nation of con:;n-oasional wa~ voloc.C..t.y…
- p. 197 …obta.!..r~:~bla n.l~l t.u'l·->·9 f ..,~~ • ?' ' ..•. .
.:···, l•J..w •. '<,-' ..·.;\;~': ~ ··'
.· ..-c '''-0.
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..
- p. 198 Btuic ltr WLAMC., 9 Sop 47, to CO Al!C, aubj: "Research Op:-s in Ala…
- p. 205 …NM
C/3!_4
I, Charles B Moore, hereby state that Jeffrey Buder, was identified as…
- p. 206 C/3.#/
model I think that flight #4 was the flight that was launched out of…
- p. 207 C B. ;vi.
I can think of no other explanation for Roswell than one of our…
- p. 208 …saw one of these targets more than
20 years ago . )
c.a. Moore
August 28, 1992
- p. 211 Statement
Albert C. Trakowski
June 29, 1994
22
- p. 213 …VA
I, i\lbert C. Trakowski, hereby state that Jeffrey Butler, was identified as a Colonel…
- p. 224 …I think this was a C-45. We did, indeed, have B-17's
attached to…
- p. 228 …we still carried
microphones aloft and a C-54 orbited overhead and followed the
balloons out…
- p. 230 …June 1st, "C-47 with Moore, Schneider and others from NYU,
also Irewin, Minton, Olson, NYU…
- p. 247 …Trakowski went over in a c-54 and
picked them up. Also radiosonde receivers set up…
- p. 249 …It looks like
Maryalls' "C-54, located on Tulerosa Range by air. Out PM with
several…
- p. 258 …HT SST, whatever that is."
July 8th. "C-54 off about 10:30 with 23 people…
- p. 263 …I had forgotten, but he reminded
me that he had gone on the C-54 to…
- p. 264 …what sticks in my mind as either c-s or an M-5
radar. I knew…
- p. 266 …A~ I say, these c~me out right at the end
of the war. The warrant…
- p. 268 …This is the c Model. It doesn't show the
reinforcements.
Q: The young lady I…
- p. 269 …I thought the B Model was a 1947 vintage and assumed,
wrongly so, that the C…
- p. 271 24
Interview
Col Jeffrey Butler and 1st Lt James
McAndrew with Col Albert C.
Trakowski, USAF…
- p. 278 …balloon
launch-Maj. W. D. Pritchard, Maj. C. W. Mangum, Lieutenant Siegal, and a Capt. L…
- p. 287 …ltfttf} for •••
ftlu,c.hin1 thwtc.
C. au nit} C~r~hff • I
Ac.te d…
- p. 299 …1675
Ms Ruth Fiornartto DSN 992-5781
c) Westinghouse Electronics History Museum, Baltimore MD
Mr Robert…
- p. 303 r--·-- =------------------1-~·;-~
1
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/./:/ ' ~ ~,('KMSFMIIL~W/TN r ~/ ;-/~ _ ~@.T,11'£ .IN!'VSIJ7…
- p. 307 …other· icial, non-judicial, or administrative
proceedings.
__ c. I have the right to consult with a…
- p. 308 …70 U.S C BOis. 44 U.S.C 3101. and EO 9397
PRINCIPAL PURPOSES: usea…
- p. 320 …Crane, spring
1946-July 1946; Col Marcellus Duffy, August 1946-January, 1947; and Capt Albert
C…
shrouded in secrecy, some of its operations obviously could not. The deployment of giant
trains of balloons--over thirty research balloons and experimental sensors strung together
and stretching more than 600 feet-could be neither disguised nor hidden from the public.
Moreover, operational necessity required that these balloons be launched during daylight
hours. It was therefore not surprising that these balloons were often mistaken for UFOs.
In fact, MOGUL recovery crews often listened to broadcasts of UFO reports to assist them
in their tracking operations. Additionally, the balloons were unsteerable, leading to such
amusing events as the one reported by the New York Times in which a secret MOGUL
balloon "floated ·blithely over the rooftops of Flatbush . . . causing general public
excitement ... before it came to rest on top of a [Brooklyn] tavem."2 In another episode,
MOGUL balloon recovery technicians directed a B-17 bomber, which was tracking one
of the tests, to buzz and scare off a curious oil rig crew that was about to "capture" a
balloon train that had fallen near Roswell. The ruse worked. However, too much activity
was going on for the project to remain completely hidden. A MOGUL project officer later
noted, "It was like having an elephant in your backyard . . . and hoping no one would
notice." 3 These occurrences were typical, leading the recovery crews to describe
themselves as Balloonatics, due to the predicaments in which the wandering balloons
sometimes placed them, but the information the balloons were attempting to obtain was
vital.
To attempt to limit unauthorized disclosure, the Air Force employed a security mechanism
known as compartmentation. Compartmentation controlled access to classified information
by dispersing portions of the research among several facilities and institutions. Each
participating entity received only enough information necessary to accomplish its assigned
tasks. In the case of MOGUL, only a small circle of Air Force officers received the
intimate details that linked together these unrelated research projects. The use of
compartmentation along with strict enforcement of the need to know enabled MOGUL to
remain a secret-despite its obvious security difficulties-and to remain unevaluated for
many years as the cause of the Roswell Incident.
The issue of compartmentation was significant because some UFO researchers assert that
the persons who recovered the MOGUL equipment, members of the 509th Bombardment
Group stationed at Roswell Army Airfield, should have been able to recognize the debris
collected at the crash site as that of a research balloon. Although members of the 509th
possessed high-level clearances, they were not privy to the existence of MOGUL; their job
was to deliver nuclear weapons, not to detect them. The unusual combination of
experimental equipment did not encourage easy identification that undoubtedly left some
members of the 509th with unanswered questions. Some UFO enthusiasts have
manipulated these unanswered questions to support their flying'isaucer recovery scenario,
while eagerly supplying unfounded explanations of extraterrest'rial visitation and cosmic
conspiracy. Additionally, many claims of a flying saucer crash at Roswell rest on the
description of debris collected at the Foster ranch site. UFO researchers, including those
2. New York Times, "Balloon Staggers Down to Brooklyn Tavern, Hooks Itself to Roof and Upsets
Decorum," Oct 1, 1948.
3. New York Times, "Wreckage of a 'Spaceship': Of This Earth (and U.S.)," Sep 18, 1994.
3