Defense Intelligence Reference Document Traversible Wormholes Stargates And Negative Energy

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negative energy or energy condition violations required to build a traversable wormhole
spacetime. Investigators have invoked the QI to rule out many of the macroscopic
wormhole spacetimes. When generating negative energy the QI postulate that: a) the
longer the pulse of negative energy lasts, the weaker it must be; b) a pulse of positive
energy must follow and the magnitude of the positive pulse must exceed that of the
initial negative pulse; and c) the longer the time interval between the two pulses, the
larger the positive pulse must be. This actually sounds quite reasonable on energy
conservation grounds until one discovers that the Casimir effect and its non-Maxwellian
quantum field analogs violate all three conditions. There are also a number of squeezed
vacuum sources and Dirac field states that manifestly violate all three conditions.
Cosmological inflation, cosmological particle production, classical scalar fields, the
conformal anomaly, and gravitational vacuum polarization are among the many other
examples that also violate the QI. Visser (Reference 60) also points out that
observational data indicate that large amounts of "exotic matter" are required to exist
in the universe in order to account for the observed cosmological evolution parameters.
The QI have also not been verified by laboratory experiments. The assumptions used to
derive the QI and the efficacy of their derivation for various cases has been called into
question by numerous investigators. Krasnikov (Reference 61) constructed an explicit
counterexample for generalized FTL spacetimes showing that the relevant QI breaks
down even in the simplest FTL cases. And he also addressed Fewster's (Reference 62)
technical arguments on this issue. It is important to point out that the Qls have been
mainly proven for free massless scalar fields in flat two-dimensional Minkowski
spacetime, so there remains the unanswered questions of extending the QI into a four-
dimensional curved spacetime model (with or without boundaries) and how much
negative energy density can arise for interacting fields.
It turns out that Visser and coworkers (Reference 59, 63, 64) developed a superior way
to properly quantify the amount of negative energy or energy condition violations
required to build a traversable wormhole spacetime. They propose a quantifier in terms
of a spatial volume integral, which amounts to calculating the following definite
integrals (Reference 59, 63, 64):
fr,,dV~O; f(r,,+p,)dV~O (10)
with an appropriate choice of the integration measure dV (= 4m2 dr or g 112drd0drp, where
g = det(g,w) is the matrix determinant of gw). The amount of energy condition violation
is defined as the extent to which Equation (10) can become negative. The value of
Equation (10) provides information about the total amount of energy condition violating
matter that must exist for any given FTL spacetime under study (e.g., warp drives and
traversable wormholes). It was further shown that Equation (10) can be adjusted to
become vanishingly small by appropriate choice of parameters; therefore, examples
can be constructed whereby the energy condition violation can be made arbitrarily
small. But the violation cannot be made to vanish entirely.
Equation (10) also gives the result that traversable wormholes require arbitrarily small
amounts of negative energy to build (whereby Equation (9) serves only as a gross
upper limit) such that within a wormhole spacetime (Reference 59):
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