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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Technological Approaches To Controlling

Defense Intelligence Agency · 36 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 23 March 2010, was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It surveys invasive and noninvasive brain-machine interface technologies for controlling external devices without limb-operated interfaces. The technologies covered include EEG, MEG, fMRI, NIRS, and implanted electrode arrays. It concludes that noninvasive electrical monitoring is the most promising near-term approach. In the long term, it favors invasive single-neuron cortical connections that use optical stimulation or chip-based arrays.

  • p. 5 UNCLASSIFIED/)' Pett :SPPll!ltllt '11815 .,.LY Technological Approaches to Controlling External Devices in the Absence of…
  • p. 8 …Neurons require some time to reset between firings, nominally the duration of the pulse for that…
  • p. 10 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,erg A gffllil.t.L '1181!! 8HLY The brain activity mentioned above is a complex…
  • p. 13 …The response time to execute a command using these systems is measured in seconds. The results…
  • p. 14 …application, the fact that 100 IT is about 100 million times smaller than the Earth's…
  • p. 15 …In current MRis, these gradient fields are produced with electromagnets, and the series of time-dependent…
  • p. 18 …prior to implantation, and then the tasks are repeated multiple times while muscle action and cortical…
  • p. 19 …the movement control algorithm is similar to a population vector in that movement at each time…
  • p. 20 UNCLASSIFIED/,'P81il 8PPll!ltllt ~81!! 8HLV Japan in real time. Using visual feedback to the monkey…
  • p. 21 …employed to allow for real-time bidirectional interface with the nervous system. After several modifications, Fetz…
  • p. 22 …understand the brain, its regions of activity and how those area correlate to real time stimulation…
  • p. 25 …FOV=60x60mrn 7 • Experiment time=512 s. (B) (Top) Microelectrode array used in the study. (Bottom…
  • p. 28 …Movement times to target were on the order of 1-2 seconds with up to 75…
  • p. 29 …This trial lasted 3 months before the physical connection between the nerve and the microarray deteriorated…
  • p. 31 …Also beneficial to reaction time is the combined EMG EEG devices mentioned above since the pathways…
  • p. 32 …Proof of principle studies in this technology could emerge at any time, and given the demonstrated…
  • p. 34 …time. J Cogn Neurosci 2002 Nov 15; 14(8): 1200-14. " Hatsopoulos NG, Donoghue JP. The…
  • p. 36 …Targeted muscle reinnervation for real- time myoelectric control of multifunction artificial arms. JAMA 2009 Feb 11…
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Conclusions .......................................................................................................... 27
Figures
Figure 1. Simplified Rendering of a Neuron ............................................................ 1
Figure 2. The General Layout of a Closed-Loop Control Interface ........................... 5
Figure 3. Two Commercially Available EEG Sensors ................................................ 8
Figure 4. Experimental Overview of Brain-Controlled Robot in a Closed Loop
With Visual Feedback Experiment ......................................................... 13
Figure s. Schematic of the Neurochip Functional Blocks ...................................... 15
Figure 6. Implant Location ................................................................................... 16
Figure 7. Histology and Electrode Tracks ............................................................. 17
Figure 8. The Michigan Electrodes ........................................................................ 18
Figure 9. Image Distortion and Custom Microwire Electrode Assembly to
Improve It ............................................................................................. 19
Figure 10. Example of T2 Variability ..................................................................... 19
Figure 11. T2 Value Analysis Summary of T2 Values in All the Image Slices That
Spanned the Electrode Arrays in All Animals ....................................... 20
Figure 12. A Hybrid Neuro-Robotic System .......................................................... 21
Figure 13. Experimental Arrangements ................................................................ 21
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 36 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.