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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellites

Defense Intelligence Agency · 77 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Reference Document from the Defense Intelligence Agency, dated 1 November 2010, was produced under the Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It describes nanosatellite technologies and proposes launching nanosats into orbit with laser Lightcraft propulsion. It also covers a weapon mission selection study and multi-megawatt laser options. The author recommends that the Department of Defense and NASA bring Lightcraft R&D back to the United States and restart the X-50LR flight demonstration program.

  • p. 3 …Schematic of the Laser N2/CO2/H2 Gas Flow System ................................ 45 Figure 19. Northrop Grumman's…
  • p. 7 …Response time: < 0.005 sec. • Pulse rate: 1 Hz. It turns out that the 11v and…
  • p. 8 …This allows for increased autonomy and simpler, more accurate time resolution onboard the spacecraft. For GPS…
  • p. 10 …At the same time, the solar arrays dropped to a temperature of about 60°C. Based…
  • p. 12 …The diamond facesheet provides ten times greater thermal conductivity than aluminum and can dissipate heat from…
  • p. 13 …of the data to the users. In a typical baseline mission, there are times when up…
  • p. 16 …times per second. The axisymmetric, off-axis parabolic collection mirror facilitates flight by concentrating the pulsed…
  • p. 29 UNCLASSIFIED/ /f81il 8ffl@IIIIL ~:!I! 8HLY associated costs comprising approximately 92% of the laser-powered Ughtcraft…
  • p. 32 …with an incoming ballistic missile; intermittently, the laser illuminates the target for guidance updates and for…
  • p. 33 …within allowable time is limited by relatively long beam- riding time needed for the Lightcraft to…
  • p. 37 …is the focusing of their intense beam energy on enemy ballistic missiles over dwell times sufficient…
  • p. 38 UNCLASSIFIED/ ;Sf&lil &FFI&Itltl H!H!! 8HLY system, like the air-to-air one, has…
  • p. 40 …Each satellite's position is only crudely station kept, and the satellites adjust the time delay…
  • p. 41 …The time delay of each picosat is self computed based on its location in the swarm…
  • p. 42 …hour revisit time. The principle of operation is the same as that of the previous concept…
  • p. 43 …The time delay of each nanosat is self computed based on its location in the swarm…
  • p. 47 UNCLASSIFIED/ il"9" 91"l"!e!lltt tl!IL 9HL I An outline of the conceptual…
  • p. 51 …launched to LEO, which is 44 times lower than the oft-quoted standard space launch industry…
  • p. 53 …to reach the multi-megawatt level within three to five years from the time of this…
  • p. 56 …state lasing operation while at the same time increasing the average beam power. Figure 21. Phase…
  • p. 66 …estimates can be performed at this time because the high-power solid-state and FEL laser…
  • p. 67 …steer the high-energy laser (HEL) beam, while at the same time making real-time adjustments…
  • p. 68 …Notional Long Range HEL Beam Control System (courtesy of the Directed Energy Professional Society). 64 UNCLASSIFIED…
  • p. 73 …steering the high-energy laser beam, while at the same time making real-time adjustments to…
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Contents
Chapter 1: Nanosatellite Technologies .................................................................. 3
Chapter 2: Laser Lightcraft Nanosatellite Propulsion .............................................. 11
Chapter 3: Laser Lightcraft Weapon Mission Selection Study .................................. 27
Chapter 4: Summary of Multi-Megawatt Laser Study for Lightcraft Propulsion
Applications ..................................................................................................... 42
Chapter 5: Conclusion ...................................................................................... 68
References ....................................................................................................... 71
Figures
Figure 1. Air Force X-25LR Laser Lightcraft .......................................................... 12
Figure 2. AFRL Test Vehicle in Vertical Flight ........................................................ 14
Figure 3. Time-Lapse Photo of a Lightcraft Undergoing an Outdoor Vertical Flight Test 15
Figure 4. Lightcraft Flight-Test Vehicle Used in Horizontal Guide-Wire Flight Tests ...... 16
Figure 5. Lightcraft Undergoing Horizontal Guide-Wire Flight Test ........................... 16
Figure 6. Lightcraft Undergoing Horizontal Guide-Wire Flight Test ........................... 17
Figure 7. Lightcraft Concept ............................................................................... 18
Figure 8. Lightcraft Trajectory and Associated Pointing Angles ................................. 19
Figure 9. Lightcraft Vehicle Evolution ................................................................... 20
Figure 10. Attenuation Effects on Captured Laser Beam Power ................................ 22
Figure 11. Influence of Trajectory and Laser Wavelength on Captured Power ............. 22
Figure 12. Captured Laser Power vs. Increasing Range from 11.2 μm CO2 Laser ........ 23
Figure 13. Influence of Lightcraft Range and Pointing Angles on Captured Power ........ 24
Figure 14. Ground/Sea-to-Space Concept ............................................................. 27
Figure 15. Air-to-Space Concept ......................................................................... 28
Figure 16. Schematic of Power Oscillator Optics ................................................... .44
Figure 17. Schematic of MOPA ............................................................................ 45
Figure 18. Schematic of the Laser N2/CO2/H2 Gas Flow System ................................ 45
Figure 19. Northrop Grumman's Joint High Power Bulk Slab Solid-State Laser .......... .48
Figure 20. DARPA's High Energy Liquid Laser Area Defense System ......................... 50
Figure 21. Phase Change Materials Allow Storage of Large Intermittent Heat Loads
While Slow Regeneration Removes Heat from Aircraft ............................................ 52
Figure 22. Typical HPFL MDPA Design .................................................................. 54
Figure 23. Fiber Laser Beam Combining Techniques ............................................... 54
Figure 24. Pumping Fiber Lasers ......................................................................... 56
Figure 25. Large and Small Diameter Fiber Lasers ................................................. 56
Figure 26. Single Mode Fiber Laser Modules .......................................................... 57
Figure 27. Multimode HPFLs ............................................................................... 57
Figure 28. Free-Electron Laser ............................................................................ 58
Figure 29. Free-Electron Laser Mechanism ............................................................ 58
Figure 30. Free-Electron Laser Electron Beam Phase-Space Evolution ....................... 59
Figure 31. Recirculating-Beam FEL System ........................................................... 60
Figure 32. High-Power FEL Optical Resonator ........................................................ 62
Figure 33. Notional Long Range HEL Beam Control System ..................................... 64
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