Defense Intelligence Reference Document Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion

Defense Intelligence Agency · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 10 March 2010, covers inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion. It was produced in FY 2009 under the DIA's Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) program. The report focuses on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and reviews IEC basics, experiments, theory and applications such as neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It concludes by proposing a breakeven experiment for p-11B fusion that uses a hydrogen plasma simulation.

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“BEAMS”43 pages

p. 5 …Sketch of Two Opposite Limits of the Beam·Maxwellian Equilibrium .. 38 Figure 4.5. The Definition…
p. 6 …Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Estimates of Q-Values in a Beam-Dominated Solution -- for a…
p. 8 …shows the "Star Mode" discharge where ion beams are created that pass through the grid openings…
p. 9 …discussed later where the recirculating ions possess beam-like trajectories passing through the center of the…
p. 10 UNCLASSIFIED/ ;raA 8FFIIItliL ~81!! SHL'f beam-like ions. Since electron energy loss processes such as…
p. 11 …In addition, its beam-like reactions (highly non-Maxwellian) make the IEC very well suited for…
p. 13 …a beam created at the anode and accelerated by the applied cathode voltage; a low-energy…
p. 14 …Good convergence is required to achieve optimal beam-beam reactivity scaling for the application that require…
p. 15 …The observed loss of convergence with decreasing pressure and increasing current makes achieving significant beam-beam…
p. 16 …For a power reactor the objective is to obtain ion beam-beam collisions in this central…
p. 17 …the "conventional" beam-like one. A key issue for this concept is how much plasma compression…
p. 19 …The main beam observed is a direct path along the injector angle. Other faint light channels…
p. 21 …Note that six ion "guns" were used to create a low energy ion beam that entered…
p. 22 UNCLASSIFIED/;SflHl 8FFIIItliL ~81!! 8HL'I' was obtained from recirculation beam-beam reactions in a potential…
p. 23 …The key physics point is that the beam-beam fusion rate scales as the ion current…
p. 26 …Scoping calculations of beam-background fusion rates predict that a 3 He- 3 He reaction product…
p. 27 …of the ion density squared scaling for beam-beam reactions. REFERENCES 2.1 R. L. Hirsch…
p. 28 …As such, the beam convergence (compression) is limited to lower values, hence lower core densities (an…
p. 30 …by the intersection of the multiple ion beams, serves to deflect ions into the escaping jet…
p. 31 …The result is the formation of the intense space charge neutralized ion beam (or "plasma jet…
p. 32 …in the symmetric microchannels into a directed beam or jet. Comparison to a Conventional "Plasma" Thruster…
p. 33 …The ion beams finally exit through an opening in the ground sphere of the IEC device…
p. 35 …These devices operate with ~ 80- keV D-ion beams using the non-Maxwellian character of the…
p. 36 …Two ion sources inject 40-keV deuterium and helium-3 ion beams toward the center of…
p. 37 …Indeed in this case fusion is dominated by beam-beam (non- Maxwellian reactions). Also, the dipole…
p. 38 …the center potential and consequently allow incoming beam ions to penetrate into the core region. In…
p. 39 …Comparison of Analytical and Numerical Estimates of Q-values in a beam-Dominated Solution -- for a…
p. 40 …Hora, "Converging Beam Neutron Source for Driving a Sub-critical Fission Reactor", Proceedings, ICONE 8, CD…
p. 41 …Namely, the time scale for collisional degradation of the beam-like ion distribution function is crucial…
p. 42 …For example, a tightly focused monoenergetic ion beam is in fact a pessimistic scenario, because different…
p. 44 …Thus, weak sinks and strong sources will result in a large beam population, increasing the beam…
p. 45 …Sketch of Two Opposite Limits of the Beam-Maxwellian Equilibrium. The solid line corresponds to a…
p. 46 …injected beam current, average injection energy, energy spread associated with the velocity component in both parallel…
p. 47 …As stated in Section I, the current scaling for beam-beam reactions is strictly 12. However…
p. 48 …is very encouraging for formation of deep wells in IEC devices designed for reactors using beam…
p. 49 …To do this, it is assumed that the electrostatic confinement equilibrium ion beams are proportional to…
p. 50 …When an ion beam is hot, the waves excited by the instability are ion acoustic type…
p. 51 …Rider was particularly interested in the claim that due to its beam-like non- Maxwellian plasma…
p. 52 …Diagram Showing Equipotential Surfaces of the IEC Cathode Grid and Their Focusing Effect on a Beam…
p. 59 …of detectors, the detector configuration, the collimated beam size, the acquisition time, and other scan-related…
p. 63 …Alternately, for space propulsion, the proton beam, augmented by injection of heavy atoms to increase the…
p. 68 …Due to its inherent non-Maxwellian (beam-like) plasma, the IEC is especially well suited for…
p. 70 …This configuration is highly non-Maxwellian due to the beam dominated nature of the trapped ions…

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bank discharges. The pulse shaper is a tapped inductive line with each tap terminated
by a pulse-forming network (PFN). Each tap performs a filtering function for a discrete
Fourier function or band of frequencies, which results in a smoother, and more uniform
pulse rise and fall, and also provides more constant load impedance matching, as the
IEC tube has high input impedance. This aids in the forward coupling of energy into the
IEC by minimizing backward or reflected standing waves generated by the dynamic
impedance discontinuity presented by the spark gap and the cathode to anode circuit
path. The PFN, in effect, serves as a pulsed coupled transformer with a low input
impedance and a high output impedance to drive the IEC tube. Components for the PFN
are off-the-shelf and commercially available. The spark gap trigger is activated by an
IGBT (isolated fate bipolar transistor) driven by the power control circuits.
A stable multivibrator timer circuit is reset each time the spark gap is fired by a fast
phototransistor circuit that detects spark-generated photons. This is coupled by a light
wave-guide or optical fiber to provide high voltage isolation between the solid-state
control circuits and the high voltage sections. This optically isolated signal is input to
signal processing to give time of flight measurements. A digital or manual
potentiometer range selector controls the time delay by increasing or decreasing the
resistance in an RC network. When the capacitor in this network charges to a nominal
voltage threshold, the timer circuit changes its logic state and drives the gate of the
spark gap trigger IGBT on, and this initiates the spark gap arc. This RC time period
ramp is an analog of the energy storage capacitor charging ramp, which also begins
after the main arc occurs and drains the energy store. The longer the charge time, the
higher the charge in the energy storage capacitor bank and the higher the voltage is
when the next pulse is initiated. The voltage applied to the IEC tube is thus varied over
a nominal 40 percent range. The peak output voltage can therefore be varied over a
range of SO kV to 120kV. There is a reciprocal relationship between the pulse repetition
frequency and the output pulse peak power.
Design of the Total Integrated Interrogation System
The integrated system is illustrated conceptually in Figure 5.2.
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 72 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.