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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion

Defense Intelligence Agency · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 10 March 2010, covers inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion. It was produced in FY 2009 under the DIA's Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) program. The report focuses on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and reviews IEC basics, experiments, theory and applications such as neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It concludes by proposing a breakeven experiment for p-11B fusion that uses a hydrogen plasma simulation.

  • p. 8 …This is important for long run times since 10n bombardment of the grids, hence grid wire…
  • p. 9 …This time can be restated in terms of the number of ion recirculations in the IEC…
  • p. 15 …This work and others on the small gridded systems at that time showed several important problems…
  • p. 17 …interesting concept is the idea of ion focusing, either in space or time, or some other…
  • p. 18 …confinement time for aneutronic fusion. This assumes, however, very precise control is maintained over the energy…
  • p. 23 …By selecting the pulse width to match or exceed the ion confinement time, typically order of…
  • p. 27 …This is the approach used at the UIUC. However, introduction of the source into the configuration…
  • p. 30 …The second jet would serve the integration purpose of the platform without having to expend time…
  • p. 35 …The issue then is how to achieve adequate confinement times. The approach being pursued at UIUC…
  • p. 36 …step in a timely fashion, however. The Dipole Assisted IEC (DaIEC) The dipole assisted IEC DaIEC…
  • p. 38 …in the current experiment. It is found that electron density increases about 17 times more than…
  • p. 41 …Namely, the time scale for collisional degradation of the beam-like ion distribution function is crucial…
  • p. 42 …would homogenize the speed within the ion beam a~er some time, making the speed difference…
  • p. 43 …1) The electrostatic well is deep enough (Eo > 100 kV); 2) Ion confinement time is long…
  • p. 44 …The source to sink issue noted several times here can be explained as follows. Two opposite…
  • p. 49 …The time convergence test suggests that employing the largest time step compatible with accuracy in a…
  • p. 50 …When an ion beam is hot, the waves excited by the instability are ion acoustic type…
  • p. 51 …used an analytical model of charge- exchange collisions in the IEC plasma to include ion time…
  • p. 53 …Nevins, Can inertial electrostatic confinement work beyond the ion-ion collisional time scale?" Phys. Plasmas, Vol…
  • p. 54 …This method uses a pulsed high-energy neutron source and the time-of-flight (TOF) diagnostics…
  • p. 57 …The longer the charge time, the higher the charge in the energy storage capacitor bank and…
  • p. 58 …The challenge in these systems is that the unloading time is short and the container is…
  • p. 59 …by the number of detectors, the detector configuration, the collimated beam size, the acquisition time, and…
  • p. 62 …The Tokamak has a shorter trip time by employing a power level that is six times…
  • p. 63 …In this fashion, an array of multiple IECs increase the overall confinement time roughly in proportion…
  • p. 64 …This recirculation significantly increases the confinement time verses that of a simple cusp devise, leading to…
  • p. 65 …This re-trapping greatly increases the confinement time of a MCSA fusion device. 58 UNCLASSIFIED/;CEiOAt…
  • p. 66 …in the IEC high power-to-weight of the MCSA enables fast trip times. The concept…
  • p. 67 …across the outer surface, so increased confinement times have been achieved by going to the massively…
  • p. 68 …Here n is the ion density and Tis the ion confinement time. Assuming the converged core…
  • p. 69 …A specially designed radio frequency (RF) ion gun is installed on the side of the chamber…
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Figures
Figure 1.1. An UIUC Spherical IEC .......................................................................... 1
Figure 1.2. Idealized Potential Structure Calculated by Hirsch for Monoenergetic
Ions With No Angular Momentum ......................................................... 6
Figure 1.3. Discharge Modes in Gridded Devices Identified by Miley ...................... 9
Figure 1.4. Photo of Star Mode Seen Through a Reaction Vessel Port Window ....... 9
Figure 1.5. Schematic of the UIUC RF Gun Injector for IEC Experiments .............. 11
Figure 1.6. RF Gun Attached to an IEC Chamber in the UIUC Laboratory .............. 12
Figure 1.7. Photo of Center Spot Formation ......................................................... 12
Figure 2.1. The "Historic" Early IEC Ion Injection Experiment ............................. 14
Figure 2.2. Neutron Rates Measured With the IEC Neutron Rates Measured With
the IEC of Figure 2.1 Exceeded 10 9 DT n/s at 150 kV ......................... 14
Figure 2.3. Photograph of a STAR Mode Discharge ............................................... 16
Figure 2.4. IEC Landmine Detection Project at Kyoto University .......................... 17
Figure 2.5. Scheme for Landmine Detection Using a Hybrid Magnetron Type
IEC Neutron Source ............................................................................ 18
Figure 2.6. 3He Ion Source for Use in 3He • 3 He Fusion Rate Studies at the u Of
Wisconsin ........................................................................................... 19
Figure 3.1. Two Types of Cylindrical IECs ............................................................. 22
Figure 3.2. Jet Operational Mode in Experimental IEC Device and Jet Set-Up ...... 24
Figure 3.3. Illustration of the IEC Jet Thruster Experiment Showing Central
Grid and Two Jet Grids ....................................................................... 27
Figure 3.4. Dipole Reactor Propulsion Scheme ..................................................... 29
Figure 3.5. Dipole Magnetic Field and Layout of Devices ...................................... 30
Figure 3.6. Electron Density Vs. Dipole Magnet Field Strength at 25mtorr, 20mA 31
Figure 4.1. Cross Section of the Experimental Layout of the PFX-I Experiment .... 34
Figure 4.2. Detail of the Anode and the Ion Injection Port in PFX-I ..................... 35
Figure 4.3. Plot of the Q-Value ............................................................................. 37
Figure 4.4. Sketch of Two Opposite Limits of the Beam·Maxwellian Equilibrium .. 38
Figure 4.5. The Definition of the Double Well Depth ............................................. 39
Figure 4.6. The Definition of the Parallel and Perpendicular Velocities at the IEC
Cathode Grid ...................................................................................... 39
Figure 4.7. The Double Well Potential Calculated With IXL Code .......................... 40
Figure 4.8. Ion Density Profile for Potential Well ................................................. 40
Figure 4.9. The D-D Fusion Reaction Rate Versus Cathode Current ...................... 40
Figure 4.10. Plot of Growth Rate of Spherically Converging/Diverging Ion•Beam
Instability ......................................................................................... 42
Figure 4.11. Diagram Showing Equipotential Surfaces of the IEC Cathode Grid .. 45
Figure 4.12. Results for Calculations for Ion Energy Distributions pt Pass .......... 45
Figure 5.1. Block Diagram of the IEC Pulsed Power System ................................. 49
Figure 5.2. Schematic (View From Top) of a Broad Coverage IEC Inspection
System for Luggage Inspection .......................................................... 51
Figure 5.3. Further Illustration of the Integrated System for Airport Luggage
Inspection .......................................................................................... 53
Figure 5.4. Further Illustration of the Integrated System for Ship Container
Inspection .......................................................................................... 53
Figure S.S. Image of a Fusion II Spaceship, a 750·MWe IEC Fusion·Powered
Manned Spacecraft With Ion Thruster Propulsion .............................. 54
Figure 5.6. Scale Schematic of Fusion Ship II, a 750·MWe IEC Fusion
Spacecraft .......................................................................................... 55
Figure 5.7. Illustration of a Three-Unit MCSA Device ............................................ 57
Figure S.S. Diagram of Belt-Cusp Fields and Particle Recirculation ...................... 57
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 72 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.