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Defense Intelligence Reference Document Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Fusion

Defense Intelligence Agency · 72 pages · text from the file's own layer

This Defense Intelligence Agency reference document, dated 10 March 2010, covers inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion. It was produced in FY 2009 under the DIA's Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) program. The report focuses on work at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign and reviews IEC basics, experiments, theory and applications such as neutron sources, explosives detection and space propulsion. It concludes by proposing a breakeven experiment for p-11B fusion that uses a hydrogen plasma simulation.

  • p. 7 …Emphasis is placed on work in these areas at the University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, although…
  • p. 8 …of how inertial electrostatic confinement (IEC) fusion works. Gas ~ccd I in~ Spherical Vacuum . Chamber !!1…
  • p. 10 …While Hirsh worked with Farnsworth to demonstrate early experimental success with IEC experiments (Reference 1.2…
  • p. 11 …Such work was soon taken up in several other laboratories, including Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL…
  • p. 12 …electron) injected traps (as does the present author's work). This selection was largely driven by…
  • p. 15 …This work and others on the small gridded systems at that time showed several important problems…
  • p. 17 …Recent work has shown that by properly programming the distribution function of the injected electrons it…
  • p. 18 …Results indicate that although the formalism works well during the early phases of compression, when the…
  • p. 21 …Hirsch Working With Philo Farnsworth I' I'· 0 ,,, 10•u w "',. ~ 40~ CRONS D- -,C •~7…
  • p. 22 …This worked well, but the design was eventually discarded to move to RF guns with much…
  • p. 23 …This work substituted a metallic hybrid getter for the external pumping on the IEC chamber. With…
  • p. 24 …Another important example of the use of a compact IEC neutron source is the work at…
  • p. 25 …2.7) The IEC developed for this work used a magnetron ion generation technique to improve…
  • p. 26 …Still the design worked reasonably well for the initial mine detection experiments. Unfortunately, the project was…
  • p. 27 …as shown by the hybrid magnetron source work in Japan. Another point noted is the advantage…
  • p. 29 …As already noted, the basic physics of this version was originally studied in pioneering work by…
  • p. 30 …Relation to Other Prior Thrusters NASA and other laboratories have worked toward developing advanced Hall Thrusters…
  • p. 31 …Indeed, the thruster concept arose from work on a fusion based IEC (Reference 3.5). To…
  • p. 32 …Khachan's work. It too looks very promising. 25 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,u;oAt OFFIGIPk IP&'i OIIU{
  • p. 35 …at the UIUC and several other laboratories working on IECs. The issue then is how to…
  • p. 39 …In follow-on work, they simplified the modeling of charge exchange with an analytical approach to…
  • p. 40 …Satsangi, "Inertial Electrostatic Confinement Experiments at Low Working Pressure," Prepared under U.S. Army contract DAAK…
  • p. 42 …In Chacon's work, a bounce-averaged Fokker-Planck (BAFP) model was employed to obtain steady…
  • p. 45 …Before discussing this work, some definitions for the potential well structure will be reviewed. POTENTIAL WELL…
  • p. 48 …However, much more work needs to be done along these lines to fully identify the optimal…
  • p. 52 …As pointed out by Khachan his work noted D2+ becomes more significant in lower voltages). In…
  • p. 53 …Nevins, Can inertial electrostatic confinement work beyond the ion-ion collisional time scale?" Phys. Plasmas, Vol…
  • p. 70 …Chacon's work, thermalized ions build up and additional quasi- Maxwellian distriution in the trap). Still…
  • p. 71 …To accomplish this result quickly on a modest budget, we need to simplify the work by…
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Section II. Select Experiments
In this section some select experiments are briefly reviewed with the main focus on ion-
injected IECs. Beginning with the early Hirsch gun injected IEC experiments that are
important both historically and from a physics perspective. Other experiments aimed at
"spin-off" applications are then covered, followed by a discussion of several recent gun
injection type studies. Readers interested in more detail should consult references.
In Reference 2.1, Robert Hirsh disclosed experimental results with very high D-T
neutron rates from an ion-injected IEC shown if Figure 2.1.
Note that six ion "guns" were used to create a low energy ion beam that entered the
chamber and was trapped via electrostatic structures to form the potential well
structure desired for IEC operation. However, differential pumping was not used so
beam-background and charge-exchange collision must have still played a significant
role in this experiment. Still Hirsch obtained "record" neutron rates for DT fusion shown
in Figure 2.2.
ROBERT L. Hl~SCl!
;-UOOE St<nL
/ VIEW!~~ PORT
,.,,,,,_
- -i.._,~1
~ I Lc'b"~s~:•\~i
L,o~ Gu~
.J---TO P~WPS
,I
Figure 2.1. The "Historic" Early IEC Ion Injection
Experiment of R. Hirsch Working With Philo
Farnsworth
I' I'·
0
,,, 10•u
w
"',. ~ 40~ CRONS D- -,C
•~7 ,08s,
~ Cl M CRONS7
"~
3
, 10'
a
"~7.,
7
~II M'CRO".S o,
106
t DJ7.8 IJ.1CRONS
,,o 150
Figure 2.2. Neutron Rates Measured With the IEC of
Figure 2.1 Exceeded 109 DT n/s at 150 kV. For
perspective, note that, as discussed later, UIUC IEC gridded
devices routinely produce 108 DD n/s at ~ 80 kV. This is
slightly above Hirsch's result but uses higher ion currents.
The key point about this remarkable result is that the neutron production rates are well
about that predicted by simple beam-background fusion reactions, implying that benefit
14
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 72 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.