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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 15 December 2010, is a Defense Intelligence Agency report from its Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It looks at how many unmanned spacecraft one human pilot could control during future deep-space missions, drawing on research into air traffic control and piloting of multiple unmanned vehicles. It concludes that the limits are about 16 craft for simple tasks, 7 for moderately complex tasks and 4 for complex mixed fleets. It adds that physiological measures can signal when an operator is overloaded.
“The Times”22 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//FIHl 8FFHil.t.l!! '11815 8HIE'/ high frequency components which have different noise contributions (for example, core temperature changes, blood pressure or speech, and respiration, respectively). 10 Blood pressure and its variability can also be measured. For continuous monitoring, a finger cuff filled with water match the inner-arterial pressure and can be used to monitor variability. 11 CNS Measurements Measurement of brain activity can be unobtrusively recorded using low-count electroencephalography (EEG)," or the minimally obtrusive techniques of EEG, near- infrared spectrometry (NIRS), trans-cranial Doppler sonography (TCDS), or the non- invasive laboratory techniques of functional MRI (fMRI), magnetoencephalography (MEG), or positron emission tomography (PET). The latter three techniques are for brain research only and do not have any current naturalistic research studies (although see Genik12 for a prognosis on generation-after-next technologies including NIRS, PET, fMRI, and MEG). EEG measurements are typically divided into spectra and the relative power in the bands 0-4 Hz(~), 4-8 Hz (0), 8-13 Hz (a), 13-30 Hz(~), and 30-100 Hz (y). NIRS measures the BOLD effectf and is related to localized y activity. TCDS measures CO2 as the byproduct of localized increased metabolism and is also an indirect measure of neural activity which has been shown to be related to vigilance. 13 For EEG experiments in mental workload, changes are typically reported in the 0 and a bands, though more recently~ and y bands have shown sensitivity. 14 Event-related potentials (ERP) are peaks of activity measured at the skin indicative of several tens of thousands of neurons firing coherently for a short time. For example, a well-studied cognitive ERP is P300, a lO's-of-msec-wide bump in the EEG signal occurring 200-400 msec after an event. Some success in utilizing a task-irrelevant secondary audio stimulation and NlOO has been shown, 15 but little further development to this approach has been found in the last 15 years. Ocular Measurements Measurements involving eye fixations, dwell time (temporal length of a fixation), and pupillary changes are well established metrics of workload in visual searching tasks. 16 Additional measures of ocular changes include blink rate, blink duration, blink latency, and eye movement. These are recorded using one of various types of eye-tracking (ET) or electrodes to measure an electrooculogram (EOG). ET data will include position of a fixation and the time of each eye movement (or saccade), whereas an EOG only identifies the time that the muscle controlling eye blinks or eye position activated. 0 Low-count EEG is generally less than 10 electrodes, and usually 3 or 5. r The Blood Oxygen Level Dependent (BOLD) effect is a local change in the oxygen saturation ratio near neural activity due to metabolic and vascular action. This change is detectible in the infrared spectra. 6 UNCLASSIFIED/;CEiOAt OFFIGIPk IP&'i Ollk¥
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 31 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.