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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document, dated 15 December 2010, is a Defense Intelligence Agency report from its Advanced Aerospace Weapons System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It looks at how many unmanned spacecraft one human pilot could control during future deep-space missions, drawing on research into air traffic control and piloting of multiple unmanned vehicles. It concludes that the limits are about 16 craft for simple tasks, 7 for moderately complex tasks and 4 for complex mixed fleets. It adds that physiological measures can signal when an operator is overloaded.
“The Times”22 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//509 QFFllililrt lt31! Oiltf The enteric system executes control of smooth muscle. Although the CNS and PNS are anatomically distinct, they are functionally intertwined. When discussing the function of the autonomic division, it is customary to refer to it as the Autonomic Nervous System, or ANS. 7 Changes in global arousal or activation through changing workload can result in changes in physiological activity. These measures are advantageous as changes are measurable continuously, in real-time, and usually unobtrusively in a naturalistic setting. The drawback of using physiology alone is that there is no direct measure of primary task performance. Cardiac Function Normal beating of the human heart produces a distinct and repeating pattern of electrical activity measurable throughout the body for any two sample points that cross the chest.c The typical electrocardiogram signal is shown in Figure 2. p 1 s Figure 2. Typical EKG Signal for a Normal Heartbeat. Portions of the waveform are labeled P, Q, R, s, and T. Detection of the R-wave allows measurement of frequency, time,d and amplitude. For continuous monitoring, heart rate measurements will vary considerably and in a non- linear fashion; therefore, the measurement of inter-beat-interval (IBI), the time between R peaks, is more normally distributed in the absence of signal, reducing noise in the measurement. 8 Averaging the heart rate over minutes of task performance and comparing to baseline yields a reliable estimate of increased metabolic function. 9 An additional measure is the heart rate variability (HRV), calculated by dividing the standard deviation of IBI by an average value of IBI within a sample period. Additional measurements can be made by decomposing the spectra of HRV into low, mid, and ' In fact, a typical introductory physics course for life science students will include a laboratory experiment where the heart rhythm is measured between electrodes located on the right wrist and left ankle. d This time measurement is properly a phase measurement, with the phase relative to some reference event. 5 UNCLASSIFIED/71P9R: err1e1111t lt31! SHLY
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 31 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.