Defense Intelligence Reference Document Biomaterials

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Blomaterials in Diatvsis .......................................................................................... 24
Summary and Recommendations ......................................................................... 25
Figures
Figure 1. Biomaterial Applications in Medi ca I Devices ............................................ vi
Figure 2. Common Medical Devices That Use Biomaterials ................................... viii
Figure 3. Biomaterials Such as Polycarbonates, Cellulose, and Silicones Used in
Membranes for Sensors, Dialyzers, and Oxygenators .............................. 1
Figure 4. Photograph of Silicone (polydimethyllsiloxane) Biomedical Implants
Used in Breast Reconstructive Surgery ................................................... 3
Figure 5. Silicone Chemical Groups ........................................................................................................... 4
Figure 6. Silicone Tracheostomy Tube .................................................................... S
Figure 7. Silicone Sheets Used Under the Skin as a Physical Supporting Layer for
Repair of Scar Tissue ....................................................................................... S
Figure 8. Teflon Structure ......................................................................................................................................................... 6
Figure 9. Expanded PTFE (Gore-Tex or ePTFE) Used in Lip Implants ...................... 7
Figure 10. Biodegradable Polymers ........................................................................ 7
Figure 11. Structure of Polylactic Acid (a Biodegradable Polymer) ........................ 9
Figure 12. Biodegradable PLA as an Antiadhesion Barrier after Open-Heart
Surgery ........................................................................................................................................... 9
Figure 13. Biodegradable Polymers Based on Copolymers of Polylactic Acid and
Polyethylene Glycol (Polysciences Inc) ............................................... 10
Figure 14. Dots of Hydrogel .................................................................................. 10
Figure 15. Various Titanium Components Used in Hip Joint Replacement ............ 11
Figure 16. Hydroxyapatite Porous Bone-Like Structure After Commercial
Processing .......................................................................................... 12
Figure 17. Bioceramic Used in Artificial Hip Replacement Component .................. 12
Figure 18. Computer-Based Sculpted Ceramic Teeth ............................................ 13
Figure 19. Scaffold-Guided Tissue Regeneration .................................................. 14
Figure 20. Biodegradable Material CSLG Deposited in a Honeycomb Structure to
Allow Infiltration by Living Cells While in a Submerged Cell Culture ... 15
Figure 21. Some of the More Popular Biomedical Devices and Duration of Their
Blood Contact ................................................................................................. 16
Figure 22. Gore Medical Teflon Foam Used in Vascular Grafts .............................. 16
Figure 23. Illustration of Treatment of an Atrial Septal Defect Using a
Teflon-Based Product Manufactured by Gore, Inc ............................... 17
Figure 24. Stainless Steel and Teflon Bjork Shiley Heart Valve ............................ 18
Figure 25. Illustration of Stent Placement ........................................................... 18
Figure 26.. Nitinol Stent ..................................................................................................................................... 19
Figure 27. Contact Lens .................................................................................................... 20
Figure 28. Schematic Representation of Biodegradable (Bioerodible) Drug
Delivery Device .................................................................................................. 21
Figure 29. Photomicrograph of Titanium Metal (Appears Black in This Photo)
in an Intimate Integration With Living Bone ....................................... 23
Figure 30. Illustration (Left) and Photograph (Right) of a Blood Dialyzer as
Used in Medicine ............................. 111 ..................................................-............................ 24
Figure 31. Cuprophane Membrane Passes Blood Waste Products (Violet and
Orange Dots) Through Pores and Blocks Passage of Red Blood Cells .. 25
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