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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1003-018), dated 30 March 2010, was produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency as part of its FY 2009 Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews theoretical approaches to antigravity for aerospace propulsion, drawing on Newtonian physics, general relativity, cosmological dark energy and quantum vacuum effects. The report notes that no current technology can actively control gravity and that many concepts are far from practicable engineering.
“Masse”23 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//F9A: 9FFI~II k YE'lii 911k>C theoretical possibility of antigravity also appears in quantum gravity theories, cosmological vacuum or dark energy, and quantum field theory. This report reviews all of these topics. The report will also review the topics of gravity control that include the production of antigravity (self-lifting) forces induced by quantum vacuum zero-point energy and by nonretarded quantum interatomic dispersion forces in a curved spacetime (that is, in a background gravitational field). The reader should bear in mind that many of these concepts are nowhere near having any form of practicable engineering implementation. However, the report will provide theoretical estimates to guide the way toward technological implementation of antigravity. II. Concepts for Antigravity Within Newtonian Physics The basic form of Newton's law of gravity is given by the standard expression for the gravitational force (Fgra,) that mutually acts between two masses (Reference 1): r ( 1) where the negative sign indicates that F""" is a (mutual) force of attraction, C is Newton's universal gravitation constant (6.673 x 10-11 Nm2/kg 2), m 1 and m 2 are two interacting masses, and r is the radial distance between the two masses (note: MKS units are used throughout). Observe in Equation (1) that the force of gravity acting on a small test mass becomes stronger when the other (gravitating) mass is larger in magnitude or when the distance between them is very small, or both. Also recall that Equation (1) and Newton's second law of motion (F = 111a) to define the magnitude of the gravitational acceleration ag that acts on a small test mass 111 due to a larger (gravitating) mass M (Reference 1): GM a~-- g r" (2) If Earth is chosen to be the larger gravitating mass so that M=M@ (5.972 x 10 24 kg), then according to Equation (2) a small test mass m placed near the Earth's surface, whereby r::.::;R0 (6.378 x 106 m), will experience a downward gravitational acceleration of ag = g = 9.81 m/s2 . NEGATING NEWTONIAN GRAVITY It is possible to design an antigravity machine that can nullify Earth's gravity field using Newton's law of gravity. One way to use Equation (1) to nullify the Earth's gravitational pull at a particular location would be to locate another planet of equal mass above that location (Reference 2,3). The forces from the two Earth masses will cancel each other out over a broad region between them. Everything within this broad region will be in free fall. However, this is not a practical solution for aerospace flight since there is no way to manipulate and control another planetary sized body. Along similar lines, Forward (Reference 2,3) suggested to consider using a ball of ultradense compact matter, corresponding to dwarf star or neutron star matter ( ~ 1011 - 10 18 kg/m 3), having a diameter of 32 cm and a mass of 4 million metric tons. This ultradense ball will have a surface gravitational (attractive) force of 1-i. This small 2 UNCLASSIFIED//f811. 8ffiliiliR.k Wliilii &,lk'f
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 44 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.