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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1003-018), dated 30 March 2010, was produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency as part of its FY 2009 Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews theoretical approaches to antigravity for aerospace propulsion, drawing on Newtonian physics, general relativity, cosmological dark energy and quantum vacuum effects. The report notes that no current technology can actively control gravity and that many concepts are far from practicable engineering.
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UNCLASSIFIED//Flilll. lilFFllil_.,le 1!181!! 811LY gravitational squeezing of the vacuum in the laboratory for the purpose of inducing an antigravity effect for propulsion applications. QUANTUM VACUUM FIELD STRESS: NEGATIVE ENERGY FROM THE CASIMIR EFFECT The Casimir effect is by far the easiest and most well known way to generate negative energy in the lab. The Casimir effect that is familiar to most people is the force that is associated with the electromagnetic quantum vacuum (Reference 85). This is an attractive force that must exist between any two neutral (uncharged), parallel, flat, conducting surfaces (for example, metallic plates) in a vacuum. This force has been well measured and it can be attributed to a minute imbalance in the vacuum electromagnetic zero-point energy density inside the cavity between the conducting surfaces versus the vacuum electromagnetic zero-point energy density in the free-space region outside of the cavity (Reference 86-88). See Figure 4 for an illustration of this effect. Casimir~ V / I t acuum p a es fluctuations Fi ure 4. Illustration of the Casimir Effect It turns out that there are many different types of Casimir effects found in quantum field theory (Reference 34-36,40,89). For example, if one introduces a single infinite plane conductor into the Minkowski (flat spacetime) vacuum by bringing it adiabatically from infinity so that whatever quantum fields are present suffer no excitation but remain in their ground states, then the vacuum (electromagnetic) stresses induced by the presence of the infinite plane conductor produces a Casimir effect. This result holds equally well when two parallel plane conductors (with separation distanced) are present, which gives rise to the familiar Casimir effect inside a cavity. Note that in both cases, the spacetime manifold is made incomplete by the introduction of the plane conductor boundary condition(s). The vacuum region put under stress by the presence of the plane conductor(s) is called the Casimir vacuum. The generic expression for the energy density of the Casimir effect is PcF = -Ahc I d-t, where A= C)D)/8rr.2 in spacetimes of arbitrary dimension D (Reference 34-36). The appearance of the zeta-function i;(D) is characteristic of expressions for vacuum stress-energy tensors, T,'.'.:· . In our familiar 4- dimensional spacetime (D = 4) the equation exists A= rr.21720. To calculate r,.-::~· for a given quantum field is to calculate its associated Casimir effect. Analogs of the Casimir effect also exist for fields other than the electromagnetic field. When considering the vacuum state of other fields, one must consider boundary conditions that are analogous to the perfect-conductor boundary conditions for the electromagnetic field at the surfaces of the plates (Reference 34-36,40). Other fields 31 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,<EiOAt OEiEiIGIPk IP&'i Ollk¥
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 44 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.