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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1003-018), dated 30 March 2010, was produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency as part of its FY 2009 Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews theoretical approaches to antigravity for aerospace propulsion, drawing on Newtonian physics, general relativity, cosmological dark energy and quantum vacuum effects. The report notes that no current technology can actively control gravity and that many concepts are far from practicable engineering.
“Masse”23 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//509 QSFI~II k WEE ,n.LY COSMOLOGICAL ANTIGRAVITY It turns out that there is already a naturally occurring antigravity force that acts throughout the universe. Actually, this force acts upon the entire spacetime structure of the universe, and it is called cosmological inflation. Cosmological inflation causes the universe to expand at an ever accelerating rate. In what follows, the nature of this cosmological antigravity force and its potential aerospace propulsion application is examined. Pressure as a Source of Gravity Newtonian gravitation is modified in the case of a relativistic perfect-fluid (where p is the gravitational potential. It should be noted that the energy density and pressure are kept as separate terms as opposed to Equations (7) and (8) in the previous section. Equation (13) means that a gas of particles all moving at the same speed II has an effective gravitational mass density of p(l + u2/c2). Thus, for example, a radiation-dominated fluid generates a gravitational attraction twice as strong as one predicted by Newtonian gravity theory according to Equation (13). Vacuum Energy of Einstein's Cosmological Constant A major consequence of the Einstein field equation is that pressure p becomes a source of gravitational effects on an equal footing with the energy density p1.. One consequence of the gravitational effects of pressure is that a negative-pressure equation of state that achieves p1. + 3p < 0 in Equation (13) will produce gravitational repulsion (that is, antigravity). The Einstein field equation that includes a cosmological constant A is: (14) where Gf"' is the Einstein curvature tensor. The A term, as it appears in Equation (14), represents the curvature of empty space. Now if one moves this term over to the right- hand-side of Equation (14), which has become widespread practice in modern times, then 13 UNCLASSIFIED/ /F81it 8FFIIIAL 1!181! &••LY
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 44 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.