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This Defense Intelligence Reference Document (DIA-08-1003-018), dated 30 March 2010, was produced by the Defense Intelligence Agency as part of its FY 2009 Advanced Aerospace Weapon System Applications (AAWSA) Program. It reviews theoretical approaches to antigravity for aerospace propulsion, drawing on Newtonian physics, general relativity, cosmological dark energy and quantum vacuum effects. The report notes that no current technology can actively control gravity and that many concepts are far from practicable engineering.
“electromagnetic effects”13 pages
UNCLASSIFIED//F'iA. 'iFFllil R:k l:llilii 'i•lk>f Further investigation into this technical issue showed that violations of the energy conditions are widespread for all forms of both "reasonable" classical and quantum matter (Reference 26-30). Furthermore, Visser (Reference 22) showed that all (generic) spacetime geometries violate all the energy conditions. So the condition that PE > p1 and/or PE ::c: O must be obeyed by all forms of matter in nature is spurious. Violating the energy conditions commits no offense against nature. Negative energy has been produced in the laboratory and this will be discussed in the following sections. Examples of Exotic or "Negative" Energy Found in Nature The exotic (energy condition-violating) fields that are known to occur in nature are: • Static, radially-dependent electric or magnetic fields. These are borderline exotic, if their tension were infinitesimally larger, for a given energy density (Reference 23,31). • Squeezed quantum vacuum states: electromagnetic and other (non-Maxwellian) quantum fields (Reference 21,32). • Gravitationally squeezed vacuum electromagnetic (or other field) zero-point fluctuations (Reference 33). • Casimir effect; that is, the Casimir vacuum in flat, curved, and topological spaces ( Reference 34-40). • Other quantum fields/states/effects. In general, the local energy density in quantum field theory can be negative due to quantum coherence effects (Reference 24). Other examples that have been studied are Dirac field states: the superposition of two single particle electron states and the superposition of two multi-electron- positron states (Reference 41,42). In the former (latter), the energy densities can be negative when two single (multi-) particle states have the same number of electrons (electrons and positrons) or when one state has one more electron (electron-positron pair) than the other. Cosmological inflation (Reference 22), cosmological particle production (Reference 22), classical scalar fields (Reference 22), the conformal anomaly (Reference 22), and gravitational vacuum polarization (Reference 26-29) are among many other examples that also violate the energy conditions. Since the laws of quantum field theory place no strong restrictions on negative energies and fluxes, then it might be possible to produce exotic phenomena such as faster-than-light travel (Reference 43-45), traversable wormholes (Reference 21,22,46), violations of the second law of thermodynamics (Reference 47,48), and time machines (Reference 22,46,49). There are several other exotic phenomena made possible by the effects of negative energy, but they lie outside the scope of this report. See Appendix A for more technical details on items 1 through 4. Toy Model Estimate for Negative Energy-Induced Antigravity For the purpose of this report, the discussion will be confined to how negative energy can be used to produce antigravity for the simplest case of counteracting the Earth's gravitational field. To counteract or otherwise reduce gravity merely requires the deployment of a thin spherical shell (bubble) of negative energy around an aerospace 10 UNCLASSIFIED/ ,'P9Pl 8ffl@Itlll::: 1!181! SU.bit
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Report, from the dia collection. The PDF is mirrored here; the original link is under it. 44 pages are in the text index: search them above, or from the library's search.