Scientific Study of Unidentified Flying Objects (the Condon Report, complete, three volumes)

of the November 9 power failure. The backup relay on the
line l.!2~H)lJ was set ill 19CJ:, to operate at about ,)75 MW and
tile llJO r·lvar at CI btls voltage of 248 k'l unli, although the
load-calTYlIlg capacity of each of '_hese lines is consider-
ably higher, it was necessary to set each backup relay to
operate at a power level below the line's capacity to pro-
viJe the ucsircJ protection unli to achieve cooruination with
other relays on the system. This setting Was believed to
be :,ufficielltl>' high to provide a safe margin above expected
power flows.
I~hell till:: backup rday:: Were moui fied and the power
levels were set in 1963, the .loal! Oil the northbound Jines
frurn Beck '10. 2 was appreciably lower than the trip setting
of the back~Jp relay. Recently, the lJIegah'att dod JIIegavar
loadings on the transmi ssion lines from b<:ck to the north,
because of emergency outages in ,,\ new Ontonio Hydro stcam-
electric plant, have been very heuvy. This temporary situ-
ation produl.:f.:u a deficiency in Ontario gcnt:ration, with the
resul t that a !le[1vh'r inflow of power from the Uni ted States
inten:ollncctions was necessary.
Acconlill& to Ontario Ilydro spokesmen, the average flow
had reached 356 M": (and approximatel)' 160 Mvar) ill the 1il1('
that trippcu out first, but momentary fluctUilt iOIl in the
flol\' is normal. Therefore, at 5: 16 p.IlI., as alreaJy mcn-
hOlll'J, tl:(' pO\~l'r flow apparently reached the level at which
till' relay \~as set; it funet iOJ1Pc! ill accordance wi til j t~;
setting, and its circuit brcaker trippeu out the line. Ontario
1I)'uro also informed the I;PC that .its operating personnel Were
1'ot ilh'arc that the relay on line Q2V13IJ was set to opc'rat<: at
a load uf 375 MW,
t,. Conclusions
Uf llll physical cff':dS 1.:1a1",cd to IJl' UUl' to Lllc pncsencc of UFOs,
the alleged malfullction of <lutomobill' motors is perhups the most puzz.ling.
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of the November ~ power f<J il ure. The back up re 1ay 011 the
line li2\11lLi \Nas set in 196:5 to operate at about .)7S MW and
the 1I.JlJ r·lvar at Cl blls voltage of 248 kl/ <InLi, although the
load-calTYlng <.;apacl ty of each of '.ht:sc lines is consider-
ably hi.gher, it was necessary to set each IHickup re lay to
operate at a power lev[l below the Lille's capacity to pro-
viJe the ucsirc,1 protection anJ to achieve cooruinatlon with
other relays on the s)'!item. Th.is setting was believed to
be ~ufficielltly high to prOVide a safe margin above expected
power flows.
lih()ll the tJackup rday~ Were maul fied ancl the power
Levels \(cre set j 11 1 ~)b~, the .loau 011 the northbound Jines
frorn Ilec:k '10. 2 was appreciably lower thiln the trip setting
uf the back~lp n:lay. Recently., the megawatt iind JIIegavar
loadings on the transmission lines frum [leek to the north,
because of t'lIIcrgcncy outages in ct new Ontalio Hydro steam-
electric plant, h;1VC been very heuvy. This temporary situ-
ation produc()u a defici.ency in (lntClriu generation, with the
resul t that a heavll'r inflow of power from the Unl ted States
intelconncctions was l1l~cessary.
Accor,ling to Ontario Ilydro spokesmen, the average flow
haJ read.cd 3S11 MW (und approximatel)! lbO Mvar) ill the lin('
that trippcu out first, but momentary fluctuation in the
flOl,' is /101'111111. Therefore, at S: 16 p.llI., :IS ulreauy mCI1-
t loneu, tl~c pO\~l'r f1uw upparently n'(H:iJc,1 the loved at whit.;h
thl' relay has set; it fUllctioJl':c1 ill fll'l'uruuncc with jt~;
setting. ami it~ clT'l'lllt breaker trippeu aLIt thc line. Ontario
11)·ul'o also inforllleu the H't: that its opcrat ill~ )1el'solllld Wen:
not ilh·are that thl' l'cll.l)' on Jine Q2~IlI) was set to ope·nil..., at
a 10au of 375 MW.
(1. Conclusions
Uf il11 physica I eff",:t:; daiml'u to Ill' JUl' to Lhc pl'c&ence of UFOs,
the ailelolE'U malfullction of <lutotnobi 1(' motors is pl'1'1wp5 the most puzzling.
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