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Condign volumes 1 to 3

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This is Volume 2 of the Ministry of Defence report 'Unidentified Aerial Phenomena in the UK Air Defence Region', Defence Intelligence Staff Scientific and Technical Memorandum 55/2/00, dated February 2000 and received 7 December 2000. It gathers 25 working papers on natural and man-made phenomena, meant as a reference for analysing UAP reports. The papers cover ball lightning, radar detection, balloons, satellites, mirages, plasma and similar subjects. One paper compares magnetic field experiments on human volunteers with close encounter reports. It concludes that effects from such fields are 'uncannily similar' to what witnesses describe.

  • p. 6 ## CONTENTS 1 UAP Effects on Humans, Electrical/Electronic Equipment and Objects 2 Ball and Bead Lightning…
  • p. 10 …The more violent can clearly come from the explosion which sometimes occurs when ball lightning disappears…
  • p. 16 …ball lightning, bead lightning, 'earth lights' and other charged airmasses, it is possible to calculate, as…
  • p. 26 ## WORKING PAPER NO.2 ## BALL AND BEAD LIGHTNING Para. Page INTRODUCTION 1 2-2 Ball Lightning…
  • p. 27 …Intensive Plasma Formations (PPFs) | 40 | 2-8 | | BALL LIGHTNING AND AIRCRAFT | 41 | 2-8 | | PLASMA SHAPE…
  • p. 28 # UNCLASSIFIED UK RESTRICTED # THE CHARACTERISTICS OF BALL AND BEAD LIGHTNING ## INTRODUCTION 1. A review of the…
  • p. 29 - Effect on Humans - Effect on the Environment - Effect on Equipment - Odours - Electrical/Chemical theory Ball Lightning…
  • p. 30 …Velocity Secondly the ball lightning often has velocity in one or more of the following categories…
  • p. 31 …Almost all ball lightning reports are visual in the first instance. After they have disappeared (either…
  • p. 32 …There is no indication of gamma radiation from either ball or bead lightning. ## ODOURS 19. Odours…
  • p. 33 …Some general EM effects on equipment (not necessarily ball lightning) are also discussed at Working Paper…
  • p. 34 …It should be noted that rarely are there any measurements from real ball lightning; any measurements…
  • p. 35 …In some cases it is claimed that ball lightning has the ability to absorb light, hence…
  • p. 36 …The ball follows the aircraft even in manoeuvres. Observations of ball lightning show that its characteristics…
  • p. 37 …In the many attempts to develop a theory to explain ball lightning (and by so doing…
  • p. 38 …Considerable evidence exists to show that the incidence of ball lightning, especially with a longer lifetime…
  • p. 39 …1. "Ball and Bead Lightning" J.D. Barry Plenum 1980. 2. "The Nature of Ball Lightning…
  • p. 40 …6. "A Model of Ball Lightning as a Magnetic Knot with Linked Streamers"A F Ranada…
  • p. 43 …The potential connection between UAP and ball lightning are summarised at Working Paper No 2. ## TIME…
  • p. 55 …RADAR REFLECTIONS FROM PLASMA | 5 | 5-2 | | BALL LIGHTNING AS A RADAR REFLECTOR | 10 | 5-3…
  • p. 58 …2, ball and bead lightning (which do not always appear as spheres), may have diameters as…
  • p. 86 …Ball Lightning) may be observed near to tall structures, aircraft, the crews of which will be…
  • p. 124 …finally, exploded. This, in fact was probably ball lightning rather than an earthlight. Other historical earthlight…
  • p. 126 …UK EARTHLIGHTS (OR POSSIBLY BALL LIGHTNING) NOTE: Location Carleton Moor, Skipton, Yorks, police photograph (copyright Sgt…
  • p. 228 …have been assumed to have been with ball lightning (Working Paper No 2). Whether this is…
  • p. 229 …The Russians have reportedly lost aircraft to ball lightning (it is not clear whether these are…
  • p. 247 …component of earthlights), or even incompletely formed ball-lightning, might react to the addition of external…
  • p. 249 …1,2,10,19 & 21: ## INTRODUCTION - Ball Lightning - Ionospheric Plasmas - Earthlights - Electrically-charged Aerosols. It is…
# UNCLASSIFIED

UK RESTRICTED

OVERVIEW OF MAGNETIC FIELD EFFECTS ON HUMANS

1. As a result of research (and ignoring man-made air-objects which are frequently mis-reported as UAP and other natural though exceptional meteorological phenomena, such as cloud formations), there appears to be four types of electrical charge-related formations that can occur in the atmosphere, covered in the Working Papers Nos. 1,2,10,19 & 21:

## INTRODUCTION

- Ball Lightning

- Ionospheric Plasmas

- Earthlights

- Electrically-charged Aerosols.

It is known that visible and invisible fields can be sensed when close to a UAP. In the absence of any other postulations it is assumed that the fields are electromagnetic or magnetic (or both) in nature. Further away from the object only the emissions in the visible part of the electromagnetic spectrum are sensed; as is frequently the case by human observers, photographic film and video camera detectors. The results summarised are those of medical experiments in which the intention was to study the human brain response to external fields, particularly in the area of epilepsy. There is no UAP connection given in the scientific papers. The connection is made here, because of the apparent relevance to this study.

2. The fields investigated for medical purposes in Canada have some common characteristics, and the scenario which, in

'close encounters', reportedly produces alien' and similar descriptions, may be the result of the close proximity of one or more of these field types. The difficulty is that little, if any, instrumentation is available when these phenomena occur hence suppositions rely on theory with few actual measurements on which to base firm evidence. It is clear that, while some screening from field effects can occur when a witness is in a vehicle, this may not be completely effective. Further, electrical/electronic equipment failure or poor performance or partial failure is often reported at the time, both in vehicle equipment, such as radios including Police radios - and even ignition failure. For the radios, one theory is that a strong (magnetic) field off-tunes resonant circuits in radios which use ferrite-rod type antennas. Since radio components are normally in a metal box, the implication is that the field couples with the antenna, causing a larger than normal current to flow in the antenna and into the front-end receiver coils, mounted on the ferrite rod.

3. Using the near-field ranges, calculated at Working Paper No. 2, and the example magnetic field levels used to cause temporal lobe effects, it is possible to calculate the minimum energy level which must be at the source. Further, those reports where electrical equipment has been reported as unstable (noisy) or even unworkable until the UAP moved away, have always been scenarios where the UAP has been very close - even overhead. Assuming a free-space magnetic field attenuation, proportional to $ 1 / \mathrm{R}^{2} $ and a signal level (at the observer's position) of 1mG, then, for the ranges shown, the source power is calculated, below:

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