The Central Intelligence Agency and Overhead Reconnaissance; the U-2 and Oxcart Programs, 1954-1974

Approved for Release: 2013/06/25 Secret NOFORN New Technologies Necessitated By OXCART’s High Speed .......................... 279 Designing the OXCART’s Cameras ......................................................... 281 Choosing Pilots for OXCART ............................................................... 283 Selection of a Testing Site for the OXCART ........................................... 283 Delivery of the First OXCART ............................................................. 286 Changes in the Project Management ..................................................... 286 OXCART’s First Flights ........................................................................ 288 Speed-Related Problems ...................................................................... 290 New Versions of the OXCART ............................................................. 291 The Question of Surfacing a Version of the OXCART ............................... 292 Additional Problems During Final Testing .............................................. 295 Discussions on the OXCART’s Future Employment ................................. 297 First A-12 Deployment: Operation BLACK SHIELD .................................. 304 The End of the OXCART Program ........................................................ 307 Possible Successors to the OXCART .................................................... 312 Summary of the OXCART Program ....................................................... 313 ◆ Chapter 7 Conclusion U-2 Overflights of the Soviet Union .................................................... 315 Participation of Allies in the U-2 Program ............................................ 319 U-2s as Collectors of Tactical Intelligence ........................................... 319 Advances in Technology ...................................................................... 320 Cooperation With the Air Force ........................................................... 321 Impact of the Overhead Reconnaissance Program on the CIA ................. 321 ◆ Appendix A: Acronyms ...................................................................... 325 ◆ Appendix B: Key Personnel ............................................................... 327 ◆ Appendix C: Electronic Devices Carried by the U-2 ............................ 335 ◆ Appendix D: U-2 Overflights of the Soviet Union, ............................. 337   4 July 1954–1 May 1960 ◆ Appendix E: Unmanned Reconnaissance Projects ............................... 339 ◆ Bibliography .................................................................................... 347 ◆ Index .............................................................................................. 355 [Redacted] Approved for Release: 2013/06/25